风筝
发表于: 2020-11-8 19:13:51 | 显示全部楼层

GPS技术在我们的日常生活中发挥着重要作用。从人类导航到飞机导航,它有助于解决与位置相关的各种问题。但是,除了提供位置详细信息外,GPS模块从卫星获取的NMEA数据还包含其他参数的信息,例如高度、压力、日期和时间等。这意味着GPS模块也可以用于其他项目。


在本篇文章中,我们将使用UBLOX NEO-6M GPS模块确定我们所在位置的高度。该项目的一个很好的应用将是无人机的安装,其中需要高度作为对IMU或其他类似情况的反馈。尽管存在各种与Arduino兼容的Arduino GPS模块,但它们通常很笨重,并带有其他限制,例如功率要求,这会限制使用它们的项目。UBLOX NEO 6M GPS模块不存在类似的问题。

GPS-Module-01.jpg


该模块结构紧凑,尺寸与小型Arduino开发板差不多,这使它们可以轻松安装到任意小型Arduino项目中。 NEO-6M GPS模块是一款高性能GPS接收器,内置25 x 25 x 4mm陶瓷天线,为该模块提供了强大的卫星搜索功能。该模块通过串行协议与连接的微控制器通信,并运行在3-5V的电压电平上。我们将使用GPS模块获取高度数据并将其显示在OLED显示屏上。在本文的最后,您将知道如何使用NMEA协议从GPS模块获取各种信息。


所需的组件

●    GPS模块

●    彩色OLED显示屏

●    Arduino Uno开发板

●    面包板

●    连接导线

required-components.png


原理图

该项目的原理图非常简单。除了Arduino,我们还有其他两个主要组件,即GPS模块和OLED显示屏。 GPS模块通过串行通信,因此将连接到Arduino的串行引脚。但是,我们将使用基于软件串行的通信方式,因为Arduino与PC采用硬件串口进行通信的,请如下图所示连接组件。

schem.png

Arduino开发板和GPS模块之间的连接如下表所示:

Arduino开发板
GPS模块
GND
GND
5v
VCC
D3
RX
D4
TX

代码

如前所述,我们将不使用GPS模块来获取位置信息(例如经度和纬度),而是展示如何从GPS输出中导出其他参数(例如高度)。GPS模块一旦连接到卫星,就会产生一堆被称为NMEA数据的信息。该数据包含有用的信息,例如位置、高度、压力等。下图显示了典型的NMEA数据。

sample-nmea.png


了解这些信息并提取所需的数据可能是一项艰巨的任务。为使事情变得容易,我们将使用tinyGPS ++库,该库已经具有从NMEA数据中提取特定信息所需的所有函数。可以通过链接下载该库。除了tinyGPS ++库之外,我们还将使用Adafruit GFX库。 GFX库将使与OLED显示屏的交互变得容易。


我们首先包括项目所需的库,然后定义OLED连接的Arduino引脚。

  1. // writtern by Nick Koumaris
  2. //Info@educ8s.tv

  3. #include <SoftwareSerial.h>
  4. #include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
  5. #include <Adafruit_SSD1331.h>
  6. #include <SPI.h>
  7. #include "TinyGPS++.h"

  8. #define sclk 13
  9. #define mosi 11
  10. #define cs   10
  11. #define rst  9
  12. #define dc
复制代码

接下来,我们指定变量以表示项目要使用的颜色的十六进制数,并创建tinyGPS ++库的实例。 该实例将用于引用传递代码的模块。

  1. #define  BLACK           0x0000
  2. #define BLUE            0x001F
  3. #define RED             0xF800
  4. #define GREEN           0x07E0
  5. #define CYAN            0x07FF
  6. #define MAGENTA         0xF81F
  7. #define YELLOW          0xFFE0  
  8. #define WHITE           0xFFFF

  9. TinyGPSPlus gps;
复制代码

为了使数据显示更加用户友好,创建了一个标语屏幕和图标,以便可以整洁而酷炫的方式显示信息。 表示UI和图标的字符代码在下面声明。

  1. static const unsigned char PROGMEM title[] = {

  2. 0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,
  3. 0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,
  4. 0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,
  5. 0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,
  6. 0x0,0x3f,0xc0,0xff,0xc0,0xf,0xe0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,
  7. 0x0,0xff,0xe0,0xff,0xf0,0x3f,0xf0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,
  8. 0x3,0xff,0xe0,0xff,0xf8,0x7f,0xf0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,
  9. 0x7,0xff,0xe0,0xf0,0xfc,0xff,0xf0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,
  10. 0x7,0xe0,0x20,0xf0,0x3c,0xf8,0x10,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,
  11. 0xf,0x80,0x0,0xf0,0x3c,0xf0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,
  12. 0xf,0x0,0x0,0xf0,0x3c,0xf0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,
  13. 0x1e,0x0,0x0,0xf0,0x3c,0xfc,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,
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  53. 0x3,0x18,0x70,0x38,0x71,0xdb,0xb1,0xf8,0x38,0x7e,0x3f,0x80,
  54. 0x3,0x1c,0x70,0x38,0x71,0xdb,0x31,0xc0,0x38,0x70,0x3f,0x80,
  55. 0x7,0xfc,0x70,0x38,0x71,0xdf,0x31,0xc0,0x38,0x70,0x39,0x80,
  56. 0x7,0xfc,0x70,0x38,0x71,0xce,0x31,0xc0,0x38,0x70,0x39,0xc0,
  57. 0x6,0xe,0x7f,0x38,0xf9,0xce,0x31,0xfc,0x38,0x7f,0x38,0xe0,
  58. 0xe,0xe,0x7f,0x38,0xf9,0xce,0x31,0xfc,0x38,0x7f,0x38,0xf0,
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  65. 0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0
  66. };
  67. static const unsigned char PROGMEM ui[] =
  68. {
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  125. 0x80,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x1,
  126. 0x80,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x1,
  127. 0x80,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x1,
  128. 0x80,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x1,
  129. 0x80,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x1,
  130. 0x80,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x1,
  131. 0x80,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x1,
  132. 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff
  133. };

  134. static const unsigned char PROGMEM gpsIcon[] = {

  135. 0x0,0xe0,0x0,0x0,
  136. 0x1,0xf0,0x0,0x0,
  137. 0x3,0xf8,0x0,0x0,
  138. 0x3,0x98,0x0,0x0,
  139. 0xe,0x7,0x0,0x0,
  140. 0xe,0x7,0x80,0x0,
  141. 0xe,0x3,0x80,0x0,
  142. 0x3,0x81,0xfc,0x0,
  143. 0x3,0xc1,0xfc,0x0,
  144. 0x1,0xc1,0xfe,0x0,
  145. 0x0,0xf7,0xfe,0x0,
  146. 0x0,0x3f,0xfc,0x0,
  147. 0x0,0x3f,0xfc,0x0,
  148. 0x0,0x1f,0xff,0x80,
  149. 0x0,0x1f,0xfb,0x80,
  150. 0xcc,0x1f,0xe1,0xc0,
  151. 0xce,0x1f,0xe0,0x70,
  152. 0xce,0xf,0xe0,0x70,
  153. 0x6e,0x7,0x60,0x38,
  154. 0x67,0x0,0x78,0xc,
  155. 0x63,0x0,0x1c,0x1c,
  156. 0x73,0x80,0x1c,0x3c,
  157. 0x71,0xf0,0x7,0x70,
  158. 0x30,0xf8,0x7,0xf0,
  159. 0x1c,0x3e,0x3,0xc0,
  160. 0xf,0x0,0x0,0x80,
  161. 0xf,0x80,0x0,0x0,
  162. 0x3,0xf0,0x0,0x0,
  163. 0x0,0xfe,0x0,0x0,
  164. 0x0,0xe,0x0,0x0
  165. };
复制代码

接下来,我们初始化软件串行库,说明将arduino的引脚用作软件TX和RX引脚。我们还创建OLED库的实例。

  1. SoftwareSerial SoftSerial(4, 3); //RX, TX
  2. Adafruit_SSD1331 display = Adafruit_SSD1331(cs, dc, rst);
复制代码

void setup()函数中,我们初始化显示屏和串行通信,以声明希望设备进行通信的波特率。用于该项目的特定GPS模块的预设波特率是9600bps。确保与您的模块相同,或进行相应的修改。为了解决问题,我们显示了UI,使OLED准备显示高度数据。

  1. void setup()
  2. {
  3.   
  4.   display.begin();
  5.   display.fillScreen(BLACK);

  6.   printSplashScreen();
  7.   
  8.   SoftSerial.begin(9600);  // the SoftSerial baud rate
  9.   delay(1000);
  10.   Serial.begin(9600);      // the Serial port of Arduino baud rate.
  11.   delay(2000);
  12.   printUI();

  13. }
复制代码

void loop函数中,我们检查GPS模块是否正在接收数据,并使用gps.altitude.meters()函数从模块中提取高度信息。该代码还显示了如何使用gps.location.lat()gps.location.lng()函数从NMEA数据中获取位置信息的示例,以获取经度和纬度信息。

  1. void loop()
  2. {
  3.   String altitude ;
  4.   
  5.   while (SoftSerial.available() > 0)
  6.    gps.encode(SoftSerial.read());
  7.   
  8.   if (gps.location.isUpdated())
  9.   {
  10.     Serial.print("LAT="); Serial.print(gps.location.lat(), 6);
  11.     Serial.print("  LNG="); Serial.println(gps.location.lng(), 6);
  12.   }

  13.   if (gps.altitude.isUpdated())
  14.   {
  15.     Serial.print("Altitude:");
  16.     Serial.println(gps.altitude.meters());
  17.     altitude = String((int)gps.altitude.meters())+" m";
  18.     display.setCursor(18,35);
  19.     display.print(altitude);
  20.   }
  21. }
复制代码

最终效果演示

该项目的演示非常简单。 查看原理图以确认您已正确连接所有组件,然后将代码上传到Arduino开发板。 几分钟后,您应该会在OLED上看到设备当前位置的高度。 确保在室外进行测试。

look-like.png


以上就是本篇文章的全部内容。感谢您的阅读。 如果您对今天的教程有疑问,请随时在本帖下面进行回复。

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